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Curriculum

PHP Curriculum

Learn PHP online with 85 structured lessons, code examples, and 425 quiz questions.

85 lessons 9 chapters 425 questions

Summaries and key points are free to preview. Full lessons, code examples, and quizzes require a subscription.

01

PHP Tutorial

24 lessons

01PHP HOMEThis page is the gateway to all PHP materials, from basic syntax to advanced topics like OOP. PHP is a server-side scripting language used to create dynamic web pages. From here…

PHP Curriculum: 9 Chapters, 85 Lessons — pelatihan.org

02PHP IntroThis lesson explains the meaning of PHP, the short history of its name, and its features as a free, open source server-side scripting language. You'll also understand how PHP…

03PHP InstallThis lesson is about how to install PHP on your own computer so you can learn offline. The easiest option is an all-in-one web server package like XAMPP, WAMP, or MAMP that…

04PHP SyntaxThis lesson sets the basic rules for writing PHP code, from block markers to semicolon marks as the end of commands. You also learn that PHP is case-sensitive for built-in…

05PHP CommentsComment is a note in code that is read by humans but ignored by PHP interpreters. This lesson explains how to write one-line comments with // or #, as well as multi-line comments…

06PHP VariablesA variable is a named container for storing data in PHP, always written with a dollar sign on the front. This lesson discusses naming rules, the nature of dynamic data types, and…

07PHP Echo / PrintThis lesson discusses the two main ways of presenting data in PHP, namely echo and print. Echo is more often used because it can accept multiple arguments at once, whereas print…

08PHP Data TypesPHP provides a variety of built-in data types such as strings, integers, floats, booleans, arrays, and null. This lesson explains the characteristics of each type and how to…

09PHP StringsStrings are a type of data for storing text, such as names and sentences. This lesson discusses how to create strings, combine them, and the built-in PHP function to check…

10PHP NumbersPHP recognizes two groups of prime numbers, namely integers for integers and floats for decimal numbers. This lesson discusses how PHP differentiates between the two, from basic…

11PHP CastingCasting is a method of manually changing the data type of a value by writing the target type in front of the value, for example (int) or (string). This lesson describes the…

12PHP MathPHP has many built-in mathematical functions that facilitate calculations, ranging from absolute values, square roots, rank, to random numbers. This lesson introduces these…

13PHP ConstantsA constant is a fixed value that does not change during the program's run, created by the function define() or the keyword const within the class. Unlike a variable, a constant…

14PHP Magic ConstantsMagic constants are special constants whose values are automatically determined by PHP according to where they are written. The characteristic is that it is always preceded and…

15PHP OperatorsAn operator is a symbol that commands PHP to perform certain operations, such as arithmetic, string merging, comparison, and logic. This lesson groups these operators together…

16PHP If...Else...ElseifThe if... structure allows the program to select actions based on certain conditions. This lesson explains how to write if, else, and elseif, including alternative writing with…

17PHP SwitchThe switch structure is used to select one of many options based on the same value, making it more concise than many if-elseifs. Each option is written with a case, and a break…

18PHP MatchMatch is a new feature in PHP 8 that is similar to the switch, but more stringent and expressive. Match makes a strict comparison (===), requires no break, and the result can be…

19PHP LoopsA loop causes a program to run the same block of code over and over again without rewriting it. PHP provides for, while, do-while, and foreach with their respective…

20PHP FunctionsA function is a block of code named that can be called over and over again, thus avoiding repeating the same code. This lesson discusses how to declare a function, send…

21PHP ArraysAn array is a data type that can store many values in one variable, so data can be easily grouped and processed. This lesson discusses how to create an array, access elements…

22PHP SuperglobalsSuperglobals are PHP-inbuilt variables that are always available across scripts without the need for global declaration. For example $_GET, $_POST, $_REQUEST, $_COOKIE,…

23PHP RegExRegular expression (regex) is a specific pattern for matching text, such as checking email formats, phone numbers, or postal codes. This lesson introduces meta characters like ^,…

24PHP RegEx FunctionsPHP provides a set of preg_* functions to use regex, such as preg_match, preg_match_all, preg_replace, and preg_split. This lesson explains the differences between these…

02

PHP Forms

5 lessons

01PHP Form HandlingForms are the primary way the web receives data from users, such as logins, comments, or registrations. This lesson explains how PHP reads form data through the superglobal $_GET…02PHP Form ValidationForm validation ensures that the data submitted by the user is complete and compliant with the rules before it is processed. Validation should be done on the server side with PHP…03PHP Form RequiredSome fields do need to be filled in, such as name and e-mail. This lesson discusses the required attributes in HTML5 and their application in PHP servers. Although the browser…04PHP Form URL/E-mailThe e-mail format and URL must be verified for the incoming data to be reliable. PHP provides built-in filters such as FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL and FILTER_VALIDATE_URL that are used…05PHP Form CompleteThis lesson outlines the entire form process in its entirety, from displaying the form, validating, processing, to displaying the successful message. You learn to maintain user…

03

PHP Advanced

13 lessons

01PHP Date and TimePHP has an inbuilt function for handling dates and times, with the main function being date(). This lesson describes the letter formats such as Y, m, d, H, i, and s that…02PHP IncludeThe include feature allows you to insert the contents of other files into the script, so the same part does not need to be rewritten. It's useful for header, footer, or shared…03PHP File HandlingPHP can work with files on servers, from checking for existence, reading, writing, to deleting them. This lesson introduces the basic file handling functions and opening modes…04PHP File Open/ReadOnce the file is opened, PHP provides several ways to read it, from reading the entire content at once to per line. This lesson discusses fopen(), fread(), fgets(), file(), and…05PHP File Create/WritePHP can create new files and write data into them, for example to store log or export results. This lesson discusses fwrite(), file_put_contents(), and the differences between w…06PHP File UploadPHP supports uploading files from a form to a server, such as photos or document attachments. You need to set the multipart enctype/form-data attribute to the form, and then read…07PHP CookiesA cookie is a small piece of data stored in a visitor's browser and sent back to the server at each request. This lesson discusses how to make cookies with setcookie(), read them…08PHP SessionsThe session stores user data on the server, making it more secure than cookies for sensitive information. This lesson discusses session_start(), superglobal $_SESSION, and how to…09PHP FiltersPHP Filters provide standard ways to validate and clear input data, such as checking integers, e-mails, or URLs. Its main function is filter_var() combined with the constants…10PHP Filters AdvancedAn advanced version of PHP Filter allows direct data checking of requests such as $_GET, $_POST, or $_COOKIE via filter_input(). In addition, a variety of custom sanitary filters…11PHP Callback FunctionsA callback is a function that is continued as an argument to another function to be called in. This pattern is widely used in array functions such as array_walk(), usort(), and…12PHP JSONJSON is a lightweight, easy-to-understand text-based data exchange format for humans and machines. PHP provides json_encode() to convert array/object to JSON string and…13PHP ExceptionsException is a PHP mechanism for handling errors when a program is running in a structured manner. You can block the risky code with try, catch the problem with catch, and…

04

PHP OOP

14 lessons

01PHP What is OOPThis lesson introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), a paradigm that groups data and behavior into objects. The basic concepts include class as an object print, property as…02PHP Classes/ObjectsA class is a blueprint that defines a property as data and a method as behavior, whereas an object is a real instance made of that class. In PHP you create an object with the new…03PHP ConstructorConstructor is a special method called __construct that is run automatically by PHP once an object is created with new. Its primary function is to fill the initial value of the…04PHP DestructorDestructor is a __destruct method that PHP runs when an object is no longer in use or when the script is finished. Destructor is useful for clearing resources such as closing…05PHP Access ModifiersAccess modifier determines the extent to which the property and method can be accessed, namely public, protected, and private. Public can be accessed from anywhere, protected…06PHP InheritanceInheritance makes one class (child) inherit property and method from another class (parent) with keywords extends. Child can use the parent code as it is or replace it with the…07PHP ConstantsA constant is a fixed value that is defined once and cannot be changed during the run of a script. PHP provides the define() function to create global constants and the const…08PHP Abstract ClassesA class abstract is a class that cannot be directly instantiated and usually contains an abstract method without a body. The class abstract serves as a framework that must be…09PHP InterfacesThe interface defines a contract as a list of unorganised methods that are mandatory for the class to implement. A class can implement several at once, so it's useful to build…10PHP TraitsTrait is a set of methods that can be inserted into several different classes with the use keyword, thus overcoming the limitations of single inheritance in PHP. Traits like a…11PHP Static MethodsA static method is a method that is called directly by the class name using the symbol:: without the need to create an object. This method doesn't have $this because it's not…12PHP Static PropertiesStatic property is a property that is only stored once for the entire class, not for each object. All instances use and change the same property, so it's suitable for counting…13PHP NamespacesNamespace groups class names, functions, and constants into named containers so that no clashes between libraries occur. The namespace declaration is placed at the top of the…14PHP IterablesAn iterable type is a type of hint that receives an array or object that follows a Traversable interface, such as the output of an iterator or generator. With iterable, a single…

05

MySQL Database

14 lessons

01MySQL DatabaseMySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) often paired with PHP to store data permanently. The data is compiled into a table of rows and columns, and then…02MySQL ConnectBefore manipulating data, PHP must open a connection to a MySQL server using the mysqli_connect() function or PDO object. This function accepts host, username, password, and…03MySQL Create DBThe new database was created using the SQL CREATE DATABASE command that runs through mysqli_query(). The addition of IF NOT EXISTS makes the command safe to run repeatedly…04MySQL Create TableA table is created using the CREATE DATABASE command with a list of columns and their data types. Each table generally has an id column as the PRIMARY KEY with AUTO_INCREMENT as…05MySQL Insert DataThe new data is entered using the INSERT INTO command that lists the columns and their values. The value of the text is written in a single quotation mark, while the numbers may…06MySQL Get Last IDAfter you add a row, you often need to know the automatic id that you just created to use as a relation to another table. PHP provides the mysqli_insert_id() function that…07MySQL Insert MultipleMany lines can be inserted into a single command by writing multiple tuple values separated by kam after VALUES. This is a much safer way because only one query travels to a…08MySQL PreparedPrepared statement separates query template from data so that the input value is never considered an SQL command. The trick is to set up the query with a placeholder, bind the…09MySQL Select DataThe SELECT command is used to read data from one or more columns in a table, resulting in a set of rows stored in the result set. You read the result of the set line by line…10MySQL WhereThe WHERE clause filters the line so that only data that qualifies for a certain qualification will be included. Comparative operators such as =, >, <, LIKE, and BETWEEN are used…11MySQL Order ByThe ORDER BY clause sorts the query results based on one or more columns, either up (ASC) or down (DESC). By default MySQL sorts upwards when the direction is not written. The…12MySQL Delete DataThe DELETE FROM command deletes the data line from the table, and the WHERE clause specifies which line is deleted. Without WHERE, the entire contents of the table will be lost,…13MySQL Update DataThe UPDATE command modifies the value of the column on an existing row, with the SET clause determining the change and the WHERE clause determining the target. Without WHERE, the…14MySQL Limit DataThe LIMIT clause limits the number of rows returned by a query, for example to display top data or build a page (pagination). MySQL also supports OFFSET to pass through a number…

06

PHP XML

5 lessons

01PHP XML ParsersPHP provides three main ways to process XML: SimpleXML for simple reading, event-based XML Parser (Expat), and DOM for structural manipulation. Parser selection depends on the…02PHP SimpleXML ParserSimpleXML loads the XML document into SimpleXMLElement objects so that each element can be read as a property. The simplexml_load_file() function is used for files, while…03PHP SimpleXML - GetOnce the document is read, you need to extract information like child lists, attributes, number of elements, or specific sections using XPath. SimpleXML provides children(),…04PHP XML Expat ParserExpat-based XML Parser works event-driven: you register the handler function, and the parser calls it whenever it encounters an open tag, a closed tag, or text data. Parser is…05PHP DOM ParserDOM treats XML as a node tree through the DOMDocument class, so we can read and edit the structure at the same time. You load the document with load() or loadXML(), then search…

07

PHP - AJAX

6 lessons

01AJAX IntroAJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) allows web pages to send and receive data to a server in the background without reloading the entire page. Thus, certain sections such as…02AJAX PHPIn AJAX, JavaScript sends a request to a PHP file that acts as an endpoint. PHP processes requests, runs logic, and then responds with concise data like JSON or HTML snippets.…03AJAX DatabaseAJAX takes data from a database when JavaScript requests a PHP file that runs a MySQL query. This pattern is used for instant searches, loading more data, or updating statistics…04AJAX XMLAJAX responses don't have to be JSON, XML documents can also be sent by PHP and parsed on the client side. PHP sets the header of XML content and then displays the XML string,…05AJAX Live SearchLive search displays search results suggestions as soon as the user types, without the need to press a button or reload the page. Each entry triggers an AJAX request to the PHP…06AJAX PollPolling means asking for data to the server periodically using the setInterval so that the display always displays the latest information, such as voting results or…

08

PHP Examples

4 lessons

01PHP ExamplesThe example page collects pieces of real-world projects that combine forms, database connections, and AJAX as practice materials. The best way to learn is to run it on a local…02PHP ServerPHP runs on the server side: the script is executed on the computer where PHP is installed, and the result is sent to the browser as HTML. During that process PHP provides…03PHP SyllabusPHP syllabus is a list of subjects that are arranged in order from basic to advanced as your learning map. Start with syntax, variables, and conditions, go on to forms and…04PHP Study PlanA study plan is a learning plan that breaks down large material into realistic, measurable daily or weekly targets. A good plan provides time for practice writing code, working…

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