Excel TutorialLesson 14Free preview

Excel Absolute Reference

This lesson is part of Excel · All levels

Summary

The absolute reference locks the column, row, or both with the $ sign, so the address does not change when the formula is copied. You can add $ manually or press F4 repeatedly to switch between $A$1, $A1, A$1, and A1. Absolute references are very useful for fixed values such as tax rates, discounts, or targets that are used in conjunction with many formulas.

Key points

The $ sign locks the column and/or row section on the reference
F4 switches quickly between absolute, relative, and mixed modes
A1 locks only the column, A$1 locks only the line.
Fixed values such as tariffs and discounts are referred to as absolute

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